Like vertebrates, invertebrate animals also need to breathe to stay with life.The breathing mechanism is very different from the one they possess, for example, mammals or birds.The air does not enter through the mouth as is the case of the aforementioned animal groups, but through openings distributed throughout the body.
This type of respiration occurs above all in insects, an animal group of which there are more species on planet Earth and that is why in Animals and Pets Online we want to tell you how is the tracheal respiration in animals .Likewise, we will show you what the tracheal respiratory system is like and some examples.
What is tracheal respiration in animals?
tracheal breathing is a type of respiration that occurs in invertebrates, specifically insects.If they are small animals or that require little oxygen, it will enter the animal by diffusion to through the skin, that is, in favor of gradient and without the need for an effort on the part of the animal.
In insects of greater size or in moments of greater activity such as flying in insects, the animal will need ventilate so that the air enters your body through pores or spiracles in the skin that lead to structures called trachelas and from there to the cells.
The pores can always be open or, they can open some spiraculum of the body and then others so that it comes out, so they are pumping your abdomen and chest, so that when compressed it will leave the air and when it expands it the air will enter through the spiracles.Even during the flight you can use these muscles to pump air through the spiracles.
How is the tracheal respiratory system in animals?
The respiratory system of these animals is very developed .It is made up of tubes that are branching through the whole body of the animal and are full of air.The end of the branching are trachelas, which pour oxygen into body cells.
The air reaches the tracheolar system through spiracles, pores that open on the surface of the animal.From each spiraculum generates a tube that is branching out becoming thinner until the trachelas are built, where the gaseous exchange takes place.
The final part of the trachelas is full of liquid, and only when the animal is more active The liquid is displaced by air.In addition, these tubes are interconnected with each other, have longitudinal and transverse interconnections, which is known as anastomosis.
Likewise, in some insects we can see air sacs, they are widening of these tubes that can occupy a large percentage of the animal and are used as bellows for air movement.
How does gas exchange occur in tracheal breathing?
The breathing with this type of system is discontinuous .The animals have the closed spirals, so that the air that will be in the tracheolar system is the one that undergoes the exchange gas.The amount of oxygen contained in the body of the animal is decreasing and, on the contrary, the amount of carbon dioxide increases.
Then, the spirals begin to open and close continuously causing a fluctuation where some carbon dioxide comes out.After this period, the spirals open and all the carbon dioxide comes out, recovering oxygen levels.
Adaptations of tracheal respiration in aquatic insects
An insect that lives in the water cannot open the low spiracles, because otherwise its body would fill with water and it would die.There are different structures for the gas exchange:
Tracheal gills
They are gills that work in a way similar to that of fish .Water enters and only the oxygen in it passes to the tracheolar system that will distribute oxygen to all the cells.gills can be found in the internal external area of the body, in the back of the abdomen.
Functional spirals
There will be spirals that can open or close.In the case of larvae of mosquitoes take out the final part of the abdomen out of the water, open the spiracles, take a breath and go back into the water.
Bubble gill
There are two types:
- Compressible: an animal rises to the surface and picks up an air bubble.This bubble acts like a trachea, can take oxygen from the water through this bubble.The animal will produce carbon dioxide, but This can easily pass into the water.If the animal swims too much or falls in depth, the bubble will have a lot of pressure and will be smaller and smaller, so the animal will have to surface to take a new bubble.
- Incompressible or plastron: this bubble is not going to change its size, therefore it could be undefined.The mechanism is the same but the anim Al has millions of hydrophobic hairs in a very small region of his body that causes the bubble to remain enclosed in the structure and for this reason the bubble will never diminish.
Examples of tracheal respiration in animals
One of the animals that we can most easily see in nature is the water scribe ( Gyrinus natator ).This small aquatic beetle breathes through a gill bubble.
The ephemeroptera or ephemeral, also aquatic insects, during their larval and juvenile stages, breathe through tracheal gills.When they reach the adult state they leave the water, so these gills are lost and pass to a breath Tracheal air.This is the case with animals such as mosquitoes and dragonflies.
Grasshoppers, ants, bees or wasps, like many other terrestrial insects, have a tracheal air breathing throughout their lives.
Image: Gyrinus natator
If you want to read more articles similar to Tracheal breathing in animals , we recommend that you enter our section of C uriosities of the animal world.
Bibliography
- Hill, RW, Wyse, GA and Anderson, M.(2004).Animal physiology.Cap.21.Editorial Panamericana SA, Madrid.
- Moyes, CDy Schulte, PM (2006).Principles of Animal Physiology.Cap.10.Addison Wesley-Pearson.San Francisco.
- Randall, D., Burggren, Wy French, K.(2002).Eckert: Animal Physiology, mechanisms and adaptations.4th ed.Cap.13.McGrawHill/Interamericana, Madrid
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