Commensalism - Definition, types and examples

In nature there are symbiotic relationships between the different organisms to achieve an end.There are relationships where one of the parties obtains very negative results, as in cases of predation or parasitism.In other relationships, sometimes, not even everyone involved knows that they are part of a relationship.This is the case of commensalism.

In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will discover the definition of commensalism, we will see what types exist and some examples of commensalism.Keep reading!

What is commensalism?

Biological commensalism is defined as the relationship between two organisms of different species, where one of them benefits and the other does not get anything , neither positive nor negative.of the relationship for one of them is neutral.

Commensalism is a type of symbiosis that, unlike others, such as parasitism or predation, does not result in a negative ending for any of the parties involved On the other hand, the difference between mutualism and commensalism is that, in the first case, both individuals obtain benefits.

Commensalism in microbiology has also been widely studied., in a column of water, microorganisms that live closer to the surface usually benefit from sunlight, essential for their development.Their waste substances travel through the water column until they reach the bottom, where sunlight is scarce and oxygen.Here, anaerobic microorganism (who do not need oxygen to live) take as substances and energy sources the substances that arrive from the surface.

The microorganisms of the bottom benefit from the microorganisms of surfaces, while these do not obtain anything.highlight here the term amensalism .Contrary to commensalism, in these relationships one of the parties is harmed while the other remains immutable.It is the case of certain fungi such as Penicillium , which secrete antibiotics preventing the proliferation of bacteria.

Types of commensalism

When studying the relationships established between living beings, the great variety that exists forces us to subclassify commensalism into three different types, since there is no single way in which the animals of mutualism benefit:

Foresis : the term foresis refers to the relationship that is established between two species when one of them transports the other.In most cases, the transporter He is not even aware that he is transporting another living being.
Tenancy : Tenancy occurs when one species occupies the body of another to live, without causing any discomfort.
Metabiosis : This type of commensalism is very common in the animal kingdom.It occurs when a species feeds on the waste of another, such as its feces or the body itself in decomposition or the case of anaerobic microorganisms that we discussed before.

Examples of commensalism

There are many commensalist relationships in the animal kingdom.Many of these relationships occur between members of this kingdom with organisms from the plant kingdom.Some of these examples are:

1.Comensalism between opiliones and ants

In certain areas of Argentina, where this relationship has been discovered, the climate is very dry, which makes the presence of opiliones impossible, social animals belonging to the order of the arachnids.The ant hills offer a more humid microclimate that favors the opiliones.These live inside the anthill without causing the ants benefits or harms.

2.Comensalismo between the giant lizard of the island of El Hierro ( Gallotia simonyi ) and the yellow-headed gull ( Larus michahellis )

Non-volatile chickens of this species of gull regurgitates part of the food when they feel very full or are bothered by other adult seagulls.Then, the giant lizard will benefits feeding on the regurgitated insects by the seagull chicken.

3.Comensalism between vulgar finches ( Fringilla coelebs ) and black starlings ( Sturnus unicolor )

Starlings, in Leon, to the northwest of Spain, they feed on blackberries in summer.When they eat they drop seeds on the ground or on the leaves of the mulberry.Finches, granivorous animals, search between the leaves and the ground, the discarded seeds for starlings , taking them even directly from the feces of starlings.

4.Canalism among flies and ham mites

This is a very curious example of foresis.Ham dryers sometimes have problems with losacaros, that bite the ham and invalidate it for sale.The hams are hung on the ceiling so the invasion poracaros would seem complicated.These animals are mounted on the flies that they visit the hams.When they arrive at a ham, the mites get off the fly.The flies do not get anything, they do not even realize that they are transporting mites.

5.Comensalism between birds Yarns

Birds that nest in trees get this protection n and a place to build your nest.Trees don't get anything, neither positive nor negative.

If you want to read more articles similar to Commensalism-Definition, types and examples , we recommend that you enter our Curiosities section of the animal world.

Bibliography

GMFH Editing Team.(2015).Women's (bacterium).Gut microbiota for health.
Hernandez, A.(2000).Women's feminism between vulgar finches Fringilla coelebs and starlings Blacks Sturnus unicolor in the consumption of blackberries Morus nigra-.Ardeola, 47 (1), 89-92.
Maury, EA,&Pilati, A.(1996).Riosegundo birabeni (Canals) , 1943) (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) in anteaters of Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery, 1887) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).Review of the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences, 142, 1-7.
Siverio, F.,&Felipe, P.(2009).Women's feminism between lizard gig ante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) and yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) in the roque Chico de Salmor.Parasitology, 84, 454-456.

Comments

The paratrooper cat syndrome

We have always seen cats as great balancers, agile, fast and very clever, both We say that they have 7 lives, but the fact is that their strategies do not always work out well, they have calculation errors, impulses that are difficult to control, among other factors, and sometimes flight, persecution or play go wrong and end up in an accident.. Did you know that there is a feline syndrome known as the parachute cat syndrome? A priori it may sound funny to us, but it is a problem that should concern those who have a domestic cat in their lives, especially if they live in tall buildings, precisely because of these natural mistakes they can make. Read on This new article from Animals and Pets Online to discover what the parachute cat syndrome is about and how to act in case it occurs. What is the parachute cat syndrome This syndrome, also known under the name of the flying cat syndrome, deals with the domestic accident that cats most commonly suffer and that falls from great heig...

10 breeds of water dogs

The breeds of water dogs form a large and diversified family of medium sized dogs that stand out for having a woolly and/or curly mantle, active behavior and remarkable vocation for aquatic activities.Historically, these dogs were associated with the fishing and small game , serving mainly as bird collectors and small aquatic mammals. Subsequently, due to their energy temperament, versatility and predisposition to training, water dogs managed to adapt easily to other activities and canine sports, but also they became very appreciated company dogs, despite their slightly independent character. If you are thinking of adopting a water dog or you like to know more about the history of the different dog breeds known today, you have arrived at the pagi na ideal.In this article of Animals and Pets Online, we invite you to learn more about the 10 breeds of water dogs most famous around the world.Do not miss them! 1. Caniche or poodle Standing out as one of the most intelligent do...

Native animals of Chile - Discover the 10 most representative!

Chile is a country of America of the South with varied ecosystems: the Pacific Ocean coast, the rugged and snow-capped mountain range of the Andes, the Atacama desert, the ice of the Antarctic region are some of them.With such different geographical accidents, it is not uncommon for the fauna and flora are also diverse. If you are interested in knowing which species are hidden in these lands, then you cannot miss this article of Animals and Pets Online on native animals of Chile .Keep reading! Animals of the southern zone of Chile: monkey The Dromiciops gliroides , also called mountain monkey or colocolo is a marsupial that inhabits the coastal areas of the Maule region, has a brown coat Of course, bulging eyes and long ears and teeth.It feeds mainly on fruits, seeds and insects.It is a very clever animal with its legs , which allows it to obtain food in an easier way and tree climbing to escape predators.The mountain monkey lives alone, meets in flocks of a maximum of th...

Diclofenac for dogs - Dosage and uses

The diclofenac sodium is the active substance of a a well-known drug and used under the trade name of Voltaren or Voltadol.It is a product that is used to fight pain .Has your veterinarian prescribed it for your dog? Do you have questions about its uses or doses? In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will talk about diclofenac for dogs , how this drug is used in veterinary medicine and what aspects are important to consider for its use As we always insist, this and any other medication can only be administered to a dog by veterinary prescription . Is diclofenac bad for dogs? Diclofenac is an active substance included in the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories , that is, those commonly known as NSAIDs.They are products that are prescribed for pain relief, especially related to bone joint problems .Diclofenac can be used for dogs as long as it is prescribed by the veterinarian. Veterinary use of diclofenac Diclofenac for pain in dogs is used in veterinary me...

Milbemax in dogs - USES and DOSE

Milbemax in dogs is a antiparasitic widely used by its wide spectrum of action and its effectiveness, in addition to its ease of use when sold as a chewable tablet with chicken flavor, which facilitates the dog to ingest it voluntarily.In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will talk about the action of milbemax in all types of dogs , its dosage, its possible side effects and, also, the precautions that we must take into account.Of course, we must always administer it according to veterinary prescription . What is milbemax for dogs? As we have said, milbemax is a active antiparasitic product against intestinal parasites such as cestodes, also known as flat worms, or nematodes or roundworms.against other non-intestinal nematodes, such as the Angiostrongylus vasorum , whose adult forms are located in the pulmonary arteries and the heart, or the Thelazia callipaeda , which parasites the eyes.be used in the prevention of another nematode, the Dirofilaria immitis or he...

Why adopt a stray dog?

There are millions of abandoned dogs on the streets around the world, and decrease the The number seems to be very complicated, especially because of the easy reproduction of the canines and the irresponsibility of many people. In Animals and Pets Online we know that this is a serious problem that must be solved, so we want to contribute to create awareness about animal abandonment.If you've ever wondered why adopt a stray dog, here are 10 reasons to do it . 1.You learn responsibility Rescuing a stray dog or adopting it in a shelter is a decision that should not be taken lightly, and that commits you to the rest of the animal's life .that is why adoption will help you to be more responsible, by having another living being in your care that is completely up to you . 2.Save two lives Millions of dogs are slaughtered in shelters due to overpopulation, while those who remain on the streets lead a life of fear, hunger, cold and physical abuse.Look at them to see the sa...

Ovoviviparos animals - Examples and curiosities

It is estimated that there are around two million species of species in the world Animals .Some of us, like dogs or cats, can be seen almost daily in our cities and we know a lot of data about them, but there are less common animals that are full of curiosities. This is the case of ovoviviparos animals, which have a truly strange form of reproduction and many have curious and unusual characteristics. If you are interested in animals and want to discover some unusual data, here, in Animals and Pets Online, we give some examples of ovoviviparos animals and curiosities concerning them. What are ovoviviparos animals? Oviparous animals, such as birds and many reptiles, reproduce by eggs that the females deposit in the environment (in a process known as "laying"), and after a period of incubation, these eggs hatching out of them and starting a new life abroad. In viviparous animals, which are the majority of mammals, such as dogs or humans, embryos develop inside the mo...

Gingivitis in cats

The cat is one of the domestic mammals with fewer teeth: it is 30, and like other mammals lose their deciduous teeth between 4 and 6 months.The health of the cat's mouth is paramount since it uses its mouth to hunt, do its cleaning and the most vital: feed. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums and is a common problem in cats, but if not treated properly it can get worse.Gingivitis can affect cats of all ages but occurs more frequently in young or young adults. This article of Animals and Pets Online we will tell you how to recognize gingivitis in cats and how to act against feline gingivitis. Recognize a gingivitis: symptoms of gingivitis in the cat The first thing to help a cat with gingivitis is to identify the problem: a gingivitis usually starts with a thin red line along the gums and they look swollen and red gums.A cat with gingivitis You will suffer pain and you can eat less especially refuse to eat dry feed because this type of feed is hard and causes more ...

Tricks to prevent a cat from entering your garden

If your neighbor's cat has a habit of using your garden for different purposes, it will be very difficult to throw it out in a friendly way.The cat considers that your bed is a comfortable area where you can do your needs or leave a dead bird as a gift. If you are fed up, the best option would be to try to use natural repellents easy to apply and harmless to prevent the cat from entering the garden : Water : Cats are not exactly friends with water.Installing sprinklers or watering your garden will usually cause displeasure.In the market you can even find electronic devices with motion sensors that throw jets of water. Citricos : Citrus odors such as lemon or orange are especially uncomfortable for cats.Avoid entering your garden by filling in a spray can with the juice of these fruits, you can also leave the husks in the areas that usually use changing every 2 or 3 days. Caution with food : If you suspect that you go to your home in search of food, seal the bags of t...

Characteristics of black cats

While black cats have been victims of a bad reputation for centuries , nowadays almost no one has them stigmatized and today they enjoy a good reputation in many homes because they are mininos with a mysterious character and a very special personality . The characteristics of black cats are not few and in this article of ExpertAnimal you will be able to discover them, but not before having a little more information about the widespread belief that black cats are associated with bad luck.So widespread is this legend that these felines are the least in demand when adopting a cat for no reason. Whether you already have a black cat or are interested in adopting one, don't be superstitious and encourage you to read all the good virtues and characteristics of black cats .If you will realize how special they are and how they love to receive love and love, like all living things. Black cats throughout history The belief that black cats bring bad luck is the result of a bad and l...

Animals and Pets Online

Search This Blog