Commensalism - Definition, types and examples

In nature there are symbiotic relationships between the different organisms to achieve an end.There are relationships where one of the parties obtains very negative results, as in cases of predation or parasitism.In other relationships, sometimes, not even everyone involved knows that they are part of a relationship.This is the case of commensalism.

In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will discover the definition of commensalism, we will see what types exist and some examples of commensalism.Keep reading!

What is commensalism?

Biological commensalism is defined as the relationship between two organisms of different species, where one of them benefits and the other does not get anything , neither positive nor negative.of the relationship for one of them is neutral.

Commensalism is a type of symbiosis that, unlike others, such as parasitism or predation, does not result in a negative ending for any of the parties involved On the other hand, the difference between mutualism and commensalism is that, in the first case, both individuals obtain benefits.

Commensalism in microbiology has also been widely studied., in a column of water, microorganisms that live closer to the surface usually benefit from sunlight, essential for their development.Their waste substances travel through the water column until they reach the bottom, where sunlight is scarce and oxygen.Here, anaerobic microorganism (who do not need oxygen to live) take as substances and energy sources the substances that arrive from the surface.

The microorganisms of the bottom benefit from the microorganisms of surfaces, while these do not obtain anything.highlight here the term amensalism .Contrary to commensalism, in these relationships one of the parties is harmed while the other remains immutable.It is the case of certain fungi such as Penicillium , which secrete antibiotics preventing the proliferation of bacteria.

Types of commensalism

When studying the relationships established between living beings, the great variety that exists forces us to subclassify commensalism into three different types, since there is no single way in which the animals of mutualism benefit:

Foresis : the term foresis refers to the relationship that is established between two species when one of them transports the other.In most cases, the transporter He is not even aware that he is transporting another living being.
Tenancy : Tenancy occurs when one species occupies the body of another to live, without causing any discomfort.
Metabiosis : This type of commensalism is very common in the animal kingdom.It occurs when a species feeds on the waste of another, such as its feces or the body itself in decomposition or the case of anaerobic microorganisms that we discussed before.

Examples of commensalism

There are many commensalist relationships in the animal kingdom.Many of these relationships occur between members of this kingdom with organisms from the plant kingdom.Some of these examples are:

1.Comensalism between opiliones and ants

In certain areas of Argentina, where this relationship has been discovered, the climate is very dry, which makes the presence of opiliones impossible, social animals belonging to the order of the arachnids.The ant hills offer a more humid microclimate that favors the opiliones.These live inside the anthill without causing the ants benefits or harms.

2.Comensalismo between the giant lizard of the island of El Hierro ( Gallotia simonyi ) and the yellow-headed gull ( Larus michahellis )

Non-volatile chickens of this species of gull regurgitates part of the food when they feel very full or are bothered by other adult seagulls.Then, the giant lizard will benefits feeding on the regurgitated insects by the seagull chicken.

3.Comensalism between vulgar finches ( Fringilla coelebs ) and black starlings ( Sturnus unicolor )

Starlings, in Leon, to the northwest of Spain, they feed on blackberries in summer.When they eat they drop seeds on the ground or on the leaves of the mulberry.Finches, granivorous animals, search between the leaves and the ground, the discarded seeds for starlings , taking them even directly from the feces of starlings.

4.Canalism among flies and ham mites

This is a very curious example of foresis.Ham dryers sometimes have problems with losacaros, that bite the ham and invalidate it for sale.The hams are hung on the ceiling so the invasion poracaros would seem complicated.These animals are mounted on the flies that they visit the hams.When they arrive at a ham, the mites get off the fly.The flies do not get anything, they do not even realize that they are transporting mites.

5.Comensalism between birds Yarns

Birds that nest in trees get this protection n and a place to build your nest.Trees don't get anything, neither positive nor negative.

If you want to read more articles similar to Commensalism-Definition, types and examples , we recommend that you enter our Curiosities section of the animal world.

Bibliography

GMFH Editing Team.(2015).Women's (bacterium).Gut microbiota for health.
Hernandez, A.(2000).Women's feminism between vulgar finches Fringilla coelebs and starlings Blacks Sturnus unicolor in the consumption of blackberries Morus nigra-.Ardeola, 47 (1), 89-92.
Maury, EA,&Pilati, A.(1996).Riosegundo birabeni (Canals) , 1943) (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) in anteaters of Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery, 1887) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).Review of the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences, 142, 1-7.
Siverio, F.,&Felipe, P.(2009).Women's feminism between lizard gig ante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) and yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) in the roque Chico de Salmor.Parasitology, 84, 454-456.

Comments

14 Animals with feathers - List with names and curiosities

What are the animals with feathers? When you think of feathers, what animals come to your head? You probably remember species such as duck, chicken, hummingbird or ruisenor.Now, do birds only have feathers? The answer to this is yes .Only birds have feathers, this is a feature that allows a species to be included in the group of birds. However, it has been shown that, in the past, some dinosaur species also developed feathers and from them the birds we know descend.Today there is still no definitive conclusion about what caused the change from scales to feathers (thinking about crocodiles, other prehistoric creatures), the different theories plan that it could be due to a process evolutionary to allow the flight of those species of dinosaurs that moved over the treetops and branches through jumps, while others point to thermal protection or attraction mechanisms during the mating season. Despite this, if there is evidence as they point to the dinosaurs belonging to the group ...

Names of animals with J in Spanish and English

Children easily learn new words and their meaning, something that Not only does it have fun, but it helps them learn new languages.English, for example, is an essential language today, due to the constant diversification and mixing of cultures among people from anywhere in the world. For this reason, we have prepared a list with names of animals that begin with "J", a great way to teach the names of animals in English to primary school children, as well as in Spanish.Do you want your little ones to know all the animals in the world? Then start with our list of animal names with J in Spanish and English , memorizing them is simple and fun! Names of animals with J in Spanish Do you know the animals with J that we bring for you on this list? Find out what they are! Jabiru It's a kind of stork of great size, it can reach 14 centimeters high and 3 meters long with the wings unfolded.It does not emit any type of sound or song, but communicates through blows that it...

Urea high in dogs - Symptoms and treatment

Sometimes, we need to perform a blood test to our dog.It may be because he is ill and we try to reach a diagnosis or as part of a complete review, which is recommended in dogs older than seven years.Within the parameters that are analyzed in a blood test is urea. In this article by ExpertAnimal we will explain what high urea means in dogs , since it is usually the most frequent alteration of this parameter, although it may also appear low, as we will see. Urea The urea is a component of urine and is the residue generated by the metabolism of proteins that takes place in the human body, mainly in the liver .Yes, the urea present in the urine is the result of this metabolism and, also, of the breakdown of body cells. The liver is passed to the kidneys and from these the elimination takes place in the form of urine.If there is any problem in these organs it will result in alterations in the urea level.In a diet with an excess of proteins we could also find the urea eleva...

Types of monkeys and their names

Monkeys are primates classified according to scientific jargon in the Platirrinos or monkeys of the new world and the Cercopitecoideos or monkeys of the old world.The hominoids, which would be primates that have no tail, where man enters. Animals such as orangutan, chimpance, gorilla or gibbons also do not enter the scientific classification of monkeys, since the latter, in addition to having a tail, have a more primitive skeleton and are small animals. Then you can see the scientific classification of monkeys in more detail, where you can distinguish two different parvordenes and a total of six families of monkeys, all this in this article of Animals and Pets Online.The different types of monkeys and their names you can see them below: Classification of the Simiiform infraorder To correctly understand everything about the types of monkeys we must detail that there are a total of 6 families of monkeys grouped in 2 different parvordenes. Parvorden Platyrrhini: This in...

Exercise for an English bull terrier

The English bull terrier are very active dogs that need daily exercise to channel their energy and so avoid behavioral problems.Among the different exercises that your dog can do, we find from games to sports with the owner, so that you can share your time with him and create a stronger bond. If you choose Do high-impact sports with him, such as jogging or cycling, remember that you should monitor his health and his pads to avoid diseases.Also, always carry fresh water with you and do not force the dog to exercise if He does not want or is already very tired.Keep reading this article of Animals and Pets Online to know what kind of exercise for an English bull terrier is used to unleash energy and grow healthy. Games that exercise your English bull terrier To begin with, a good option is to take it to an open and wide space where you can drop it and play with it.Dogs love to play to bring objects, so you can take a ball or a frisbee and throw it to run behind, but remember th...

How to help a dog to give birth?

Generally, bitches stop alone without the need for any human intervention.That is why, if we ask ourselves how to help our dog to give birth, in a high percentage of cases the answer will be that the best help is to do nothing.But, just in case any complications arise, in this Animals and Pets Online article we will explain the signs that tell us that a dog is in labor, as is the normal course of it and that problems should alert us to call the veterinarian. If you consider that your dog needs you to intervene and Therefore, you are interested in knowing how to help a dog to give birth if she cannot , read on to know all the keys. How does the birth of a female dog begin? If we want to know how to help a dog to give birth, the first thing is to acquire the basic knowledge about childbirth in this species.The bitches have a gestations of about 62 days .It is not an exact science, if we can count on the delivery to be triggered around those days.A considerable delay should mak...

Diclofenac for dogs - Dosage and uses

The diclofenac sodium is the active substance of a a well-known drug and used under the trade name of Voltaren or Voltadol.It is a product that is used to fight pain .Has your veterinarian prescribed it for your dog? Do you have questions about its uses or doses? In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will talk about diclofenac for dogs , how this drug is used in veterinary medicine and what aspects are important to consider for its use As we always insist, this and any other medication can only be administered to a dog by veterinary prescription . Is diclofenac bad for dogs? Diclofenac is an active substance included in the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories , that is, those commonly known as NSAIDs.They are products that are prescribed for pain relief, especially related to bone joint problems .Diclofenac can be used for dogs as long as it is prescribed by the veterinarian. Veterinary use of diclofenac Diclofenac for pain in dogs is used in veterinary me...

Can I bathe my dog if I just wormed him?

When is it a first time in adopting a dog, it is normal that many doubts arise about what is best for them and when it is advisable to do everything, so Animals and Pets Online solves all the questions that arise. Deworming your dog periodically is necessary to preserve their health and avoid possible diseases from the action of microorganisms, external and internal parasites, among others.If you do not know when you should bathe your dog after a deworming , keep reading this article. Why deworm the dog? You may think that deworming is not necessary, but the truth is that thanks to it you avoid your dog much discomfort, in addition to prevent diseases transmitted by parasites . Among the main parasites, both external and internal, are ticks, fleas, lice, losacaros and intestinal worms, among many others.Pruritus, hair loss, diarrhea, tick disease, and even death in the most serious cases, they are part of the consequences that cause these beings to stay in the body of your furr...

Gingivitis in cats

The cat is one of the domestic mammals with fewer teeth: it is 30, and like other mammals lose their deciduous teeth between 4 and 6 months.The health of the cat's mouth is paramount since it uses its mouth to hunt, do its cleaning and the most vital: feed. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums and is a common problem in cats, but if not treated properly it can get worse.Gingivitis can affect cats of all ages but occurs more frequently in young or young adults. This article of Animals and Pets Online we will tell you how to recognize gingivitis in cats and how to act against feline gingivitis. Recognize a gingivitis: symptoms of gingivitis in the cat The first thing to help a cat with gingivitis is to identify the problem: a gingivitis usually starts with a thin red line along the gums and they look swollen and red gums.A cat with gingivitis You will suffer pain and you can eat less especially refuse to eat dry feed because this type of feed is hard and causes more ...

How to walk your dog correctly?

The walk is undoubtedly one of the most important moments of the day for our dog.It not only allows you to make your needs, it also helps you to continue socializing, lower stress levels or exercise if possible.However, many owners overlook essential details for that your dog has an enriching and complete walk , turning this routine into a little motivating habit for his companions. In this article of Animals and Pets Online we will give you some basic handling tips so that Know how to walk your dog correctly , as well as some tips that you can apply to offer an extra stimulation to the day to day of your dog. 1.The right equipment, according to the dog The tools you use to walk with your dog will determine the quality of the walk , so it is essential to choose correctly.Then we review the most popular fasteners: Collar : indicated for dogs that know how to walk correctly and without pulling. Anti-escape collar : recommended for fearful dogs that they walk without pul...

Animals and Pets Online

Search This Blog